Thème : Transformation |
Index thématique -> Économie -> Aspects généraux -> Secteur sidérurgique -> Transformation |
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1 | No d'identification : 24072 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "Joseph Van Norman, proprietor of the important works at Normandale in Upper Canada (...) deserves particular attention, primarily because [Van Norman's name] was one of the most important iron works of the day and because of his important contributions to the design and manufacture of Canadian stoves. (Résumé) Van Norman works established subsidiary foundries in Toronto and other communities so that his wares could be manufacturee nearer the market". Référence Eric Arthur et Thomas Ritchie, Iron: Cast and Wrought Iron in Canada from the Seventeenth Century to the Présent, Toronto, Buffalo, London, University of Toronto Press, 1982 : 7. |
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2 | No d'identification : 24075 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "These important changes in iron technology may be illustrated by reference to the Acadia Iron Works, where a charcoal-burning blast-furnace vas erected in 1853. It produced iron until 1874, consuming about 160 bushels of charcoal for each on of pig iron made from local ore". Référence Eric Arthur et Thomas Ritchie, Iron: Cast and Wrought Iron in Canada from the Seventeenth Century to the Présent, Toronto, Buffalo, London, University of Toronto Press, 1982 : 6. |
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3 | No d'identification : 24124 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "Dans son rapport de 1690, M.E. Gilpin, fils, inspecteur des mines de la province, parle comme suit de l'industrie du fer à la Nouvelle-Écosse: "Les opérations de la Londonderry Co. ont été très actives tant à la mine qu'à l'usine. On a construit ici des fours de grillage dans lesquels l'on a traité une grande quantité de minerai de fer spathique. Cette méthode rend le minerai plus fusible et permet d'en tirer une beaucoup plus grande quantité de fer". Référence Com. Geol. du Canada, Rapport annuel pour l'année 1890-91, Ottawa, Imprimeur de la Reine, 1893 : 87. |
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4 | No d'identification : 24167 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "L'ouverture d'un haut fourneau à Hamilton, par l'Hamilton Blast Furnace Co. a donné un nouvel essor à l'exploitation des mines de fer dans cette province. M. L.L. Brophy, qui a visité le fourneau dans l'automne 1896, écrit ce qui suit dans le Rapport sommaire du directeur de la Commission: "Ses fournaux [sic] ont été allûmés le 31 décembre 1895, bien qu'il n'ait été fabriqué de fer en gueuse que quelques semaines plus tard. Cependant, la production n'a pas cessé depuis". (pp. 64-65) (Résumé) Le coke est utilisé comme combustible et on se le procure aux États-Unis. Le minerai provient du Canada et des États-Unis. Référence Com. geol. du Canada, Rapport annuel, 1896, Ottawa, S.E. Dawson, 1898 : 64-65. |
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5 | No d'identification : 24170 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "Les fourneaux de la Londonderry Iron Co. et de la Pictou Charcoal Iron Co. Limited, sont restés éteints durant l'année, le haut fourneau, les fours à chaux, l'outillage, etc., de cette dernière compagnie ayant été loués à la Minéral Products Co. de New York, qui se propose de faire du ferro-manganèse. De nouvelles constructions, des fours à chaux, etc., ont été élevés, et l'on s'attend que les fourneaux seront en activité à une date rapprochée". Référence Com. geol. du Canada, Rapport annuel, 1897, Ottawa, S.E. Dawson, 1901 : 84. |
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6 | No d'identification : 24186 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "The Montreal Steel Works of Montreal, Canada, are now equipped with two 15 gross-ton acid open-hearth steel furnaces, a second furnace having been added in 1903. The 3,000 pound modified Bessemer converter with which the plant is also equipped, was not operated in 1903. The works produce steel castings". Référence Com. geol. du Canada, Rapport annuel, 1904, Ottawa, S.E. Dawson, 1906 : 68. |
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7 | No d'identification : 24198 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "The Nova Scotia Steel and Coal Company, Limited, of New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, has completed a new coke blast furnace at Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia. The furnace vas first blown in on August 30, 1904. It is 85 X 17 feet, is equipped with four Roberts stoves, and has an annual capacity of about 75 000 tons : forge and basic pig iron. The furnace is also equipped with one pig iron casting machine". Référence Com. geol. du Canada, Rapport annuel, 1904, Ottawa, S.E. Dawson, 1906 : 68. |
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8 | No d'identification : 24214 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) It is an acknowledged fact that a time of depression in the United States is nearly always followed (generally speaking, a year later), by a period of dull Limes throughout Canada. 1895 has been no exception to this general rule, but thanks to the moderate dividing wall afforded by our System of protection to native entreprises, we have been preserved from any such panic as the markets of the neighboring Republic expenenced in 1894, and the solid financial condition of Canada has been the subject of favorable discussion in the money markets of the world. This has been true of ail important Canadian industrial enterprises. In the iron department our operations have been carried on upon a safe basis. Most of the furnace companies have restricted themselves during the year to comparatlvely short campaigns, being wise enough to suit thé output to thé times. In the face of this the record for 1895 is creditable, and now starting the new year, 1896, with comparatlvely light stocks at the various furnaces, and with a knowledge that the new 100-ton per day Hamilton furnace can be depended upon for the coming year, it is safe to predict that 1896 will prove the banner year of the iron industry in Canada, so far as the past is concerned, and the beginning of a new and more vigorous existence in the metallurgical history of our country". Référence George E. Drummond, «Review of the Pig Iron Trade of 1896», Journal of The Federated Canadian Mining Institute (1897) : 11. |
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9 | No d'identification : 24215 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "Nova Scotia Steel Co., New Glasgow and Ferrona, N.S. Tons Lbs Coke pig iron made 19 410 1440 Ore Charged 38 783 1520 Fuel 28 110 1560 Flux 16 304 1920 Labor employed in steel works 450 mens In ore production 100 mens In furnace work 250 mens This compagny manufacture all grades of agricultural implement steel, forgings, etc., the basis of which is very largely "Ferrona" iron, made from Canadian ore, so that the utmost possible amount of labor is secured to the country in the spécial lines now made by this company". Référence George E. Drummond, «Review of the Pig Iron Trade of 1896», Journal of The Federated Canadian Mining Institute (1897) : 11. |
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10 | No d'identification : 24216 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "Londonderry Iron Co. Ltd. Tons Lbs Coke pig Iron made 17 744 320 Ore charged 41 557 1220 Fuel charged-coke 25 264 1920 Fuel charged-coal 3088 1920 Cast iron water and gas pipe produced 2110 160 Average number of men employed : 425 Furnace output of 1895, campaign 8 months. Pipe foundry campaign, 7 months It is a notable fact that the tariff revision of session 1894, by which a duty (on a sliding scale), was imposed on wrought scrap iron, has already resulted in the Londonderry Iron Co. making contracts with Canadian manufacturers of bar iron which is enabling them to start up their rolling mills. The work is just commencing in this department, and will afford steady employment to a large number of Canadians". Référence George E. Drummond, «The Canadian Pig Iron Industry», Canadian Mining Review (1896) : 11. |
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11 | No d'identification : 24218 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Résumé) À propos de la Canada Iron Furnace co, (Citation) "A portion of the output of the furnace is used for the manufacture of the highest class of railway car wheels, at the company's auxiliary works at Lachine, Que., where a further staff of about 50 men are employed, and in addition it may be said that ail the railway companies in Canada are now using the Canada Iron Furnace Co's metal as the basis of mixtures for standard car wheels. It will be gratifying to Canadians to know that the high quality of this special metal, as demonstrated by its great strenght and splendid chilling qualities, has so far attracted the attention of foreign engineers that the company has been enabled to open a foreign trade during the past year, and it is now shipping iron regularly into the Pittsburgh market, where the metal is used for very special qualities of work. In addition to this, important shipments have recently been made from Radnor Forges to the European market. While this trade is not a large one as yet, it proves that the quality of the iron made in Canada is unsurpassed, and is another reason why we should carefully build up our national industry". Référence George E. Drummond, «The Canadian Pig Iron Industry», Canadian Mining Review (1896) : 12. |
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12 | No d'identification : 24220 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "Pictou Charcoal Iron Co., Bridgeville, N.S. The returns of output have not yet been filed, but a very notable point in connection with the operations of this company is that it is just on the point of installing a steel converting plant, and will use the largest portion of the output in that way, finishing it into the highest quality of agricultural implement steel for the home market. This is a striking illustration of the effect of the Dominion Act of 1694, which provided for the payment of a bounty of 12 per ton on ail steel billets manufactured in Canada from Canadian pig iron". Référence George E. Drummond, «The Canadian Pig Iron Industry», Canadian Mining Review (1896) : 12. |
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13 | No d'identification : 24222 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "Specifie as against ad valorem duty. As far as pig-iron is concerned, a specifie duty is the only fair and sensible basis. In the first place it is the simplest to apply; and does avay with possibility of fraud. It would simply be impossible for an appraiser, expert or not, to determine whether pig-iron was worth $12.00 per ton or $25.00, so that there would. as far as high grade iron is concerned, be a wide opening for entering at fraudulent figures, if an ad valorem duty was applied. Then again, an ad valorem duty would mean a tendency to lower the grade of iron imported, and therefore the class of work produced in this country". Référence George E. Drummond, «The Canadian Pig Iron Industry», Canadian Mining Review (1896) : 12. |
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14 | No d'identification : 24223 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Résumé) Le premier ministre ontarien, Oliver Mowat (Citation) "[...] as the head of the Libéral Government in Ontario, recently carried through an Act by which his Government grants a spécial Provincial bonus of $1.00 per ton for ail pig-iron made in that province, the product of Ontario ores. Speaking of the treatment extended to the iron industry by both political parties in this country, neither are quite free from criticism. Special attention is drawn to the fact that the Order-in-Council passed at Ottawa, Nov. 2nd, 1694, entitled, "Redrawbacks on imported goods used in Canadian manufactured articles, and exported", still remains in force, despite the protests and explanations of numerous Canadian manufacturers, who are debarred from doing business with the Western Canadian agricultural implement makers on account of this order. The order in question, as is well known, was passed with a view of encouraging the exportation of agricultural implements to foreign markets, and provided for a rebate of duty on the material used in machines so exported. It was so framed, however, that the effect has been to compel the Canadian agricuitural implement makers to purchase foreign material before they can avail themselves of the drawback. The resuit has been considerable loss of trade to the manufacturers of Canadian pig-iron. To be consistent with their policy [...] the Federal Government must so frame the order [...] as to leave the agricultural implement maker free, if ne so chooses, to use Canadian material". Référence George E. Drummond, «The Canadian Pig Iron Industry», Canadian Mining Review (1896) : 12. |
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15 | No d'identification : 24227 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Résumé) Mention de statistiques comparatives sur la production de fer en gueuse aux États-Unis en 1694 et 1895. Les prix du fer en gueuse Bessemer sont aussi mentionnés. Le même type de renseignements est fourni pour l'Angleterre et l'Allemagne. Référence George E. Drummond, «The Canadian Pig Iron Industry», Canadian Mining Review (1896) : 11. |
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16 | No d'identification : 24229 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "Pictou Charcoal Iron Company. Ore produced - 10,784 long tons. From 35 to 40 men employed. Blast furnace idle the whole of 1696. Bristol Iron Company. Ore produced - 1,033 tons Magnetite. This was hipped to the United States by the lessees, Messrs Ennis & Co., : Philadelphia, Pa. Torbrook Iron Company. Ore produced - 8,797 long tons. Mine worked for only four months. 43 persons employed". Référence George E. Drummond, «Review of the Pig Iron Trade of 1896», Journal of The Federated Canadian Mining Institute (1897) : 55. |
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17 | No d'identification : 24230 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Résumé) Drummond expose différents points de vue sur la pertinence des politiques d'encouragement à la production de fer en gueuse au Canada. Un des points à considérer [...] (citation) The necessity of protecting Canadian labor against the lover range of pages paid to European workmen must be considered, and the equal necessity of protecting Canadian capital in the initial stages of the enterprise, against the developed industries of the United States and Great Britain (...) The Association is indebted to Messrs. C.A. Meissner of Londonderry, N.S., and John J.Drummond of Radnor Forges, for the following comparative figures, showing wages paid for labor in Canada as against the rates paid in European markets. Blast furnacemen Coal Mining Iron Ore Iron ore Laborers Laborers (Mining laborers) Canada 1,20$/day avg 1,60$/day avg 1,30$ Belgium 0,58$ 0,83$ - Germany 0,68$ 0,68$ 0,72$ Great-Bretain 1,06$ 1,08$ - Sweden 0,40$ 0,65$ 0,65$ Référence George E. Drummond, «Review of the Pig Iron Trade of 1896», Journal of The Federated Canadian Mining Institute (1897) : 57-58. |
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18 | No d'identification : 24233 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Résumé) Drummond pose la question à savoir si le fer en gueuse constitue une matière première ou un produit fini. - Considering the amount of native labor employed to bring an article to a merchandable stage... (citation) "If taken on this basis the manufacture of pig iron from Canadian raw matenals, by canadian labor, must be considered a far more valuable enterprise to the country than the mere manipulation of the metal in the iron foundries of the country. It is quite safe to estimate that $2.00 is spent in labor in producing coke pig iron from the ore, where S1.00 is spent in transforming it into castings. In arriving at the relative value it must not be forgotten that the fuel used in our western foundanes is invariably thé product of American mines and of American labor. Where $10.00 is spent in labor (the raw material all representing labor) in producing coke iron in Nova Scotia, only $5.00 is spent in the labor of resmelting this pig iron into castings in the foundries of Ontario and Quebec. Where charcoal is used as a fuel in smelting native ore, as in the case of Quebec furnaces, the labor value to the country of such pig iron is from three to four times as great as that of smelting it into castings in the ordinary foundry. Pig iron then may well be considered a finished article, and should be protected and encouraged as such". Référence George E. Drummond, «Review of the Pig Iron Trade of 1896», Journal of The Federated Canadian Mining Institute (1897) : 66. |
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19 | No d'identification : 24237 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Résumé) À propos de la Nova Scotia Steel Co, New Glasgow et Ferrona, on retrouve des statistiques sur la production de fer, de fonte et d'acier, sur les matières premières utilisées et sur la provenance des minerais. Le nombre des travailleurs et les salaires payés sont aussi mentionnés. Référence George E. Drummond, «Review of the Pig Iron Trade of 1896», Journal of The Federated Canadian Mining Institute (1897) : 52-53. |
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20 | No d'identification : 24238 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "Very little Scotch iron came to Canada, the price being so much above that of similar brands of American pig. "Summerlee" brought an average price in currency of 518.75 ex wharf Montreal, or equal to about $20.75 delivered at Western Canadian points. American and Canadian iron vas sold at fully 4.00 per ton below these figures, so that the Scotch iron masters were quite unable to compete. The home trade was the salvation of the British iron producers in 1896. Large shipbuilding orders, and the prospect of Government contracts for warships, served to stimulate matters considerably dunng the year, but while the general tone remained favorable at the close of the year, the constantly increasing shipments of American pig iron and products thereof to the English market, and the ever decreasing export trade in iron from the British market itself, form a combination of circomstances that are not promising". Référence George E. Drummond, «Review of the Pig Iron Trade of 1896», Journal of The Federated Canadian Mining Institute (1897) : 50. |
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21 | No d'identification : 24240 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Résumé) La production de fer aux États-Unis a atteint en 1896 un niveau jamais auparavant inégale. La production de fonte en gueuse n'a pas été entièrement écoulée. Au cours de l'année, le prix du fer a fluctué de telle sorte que certains hauts fourneaux, Incapables d'offrir des prix compétitifs, ont été éteints. À la fin de l'année 1896, les prix ont repris une tendance à la hausse. Les plus gros consommateurs de fonte en gueuse aux États-Unis se retrouvent à Pittsburg et à Chicago. Le texte présente également certaines statistiques relatives a la fluctuation des prix du fer américain tout au cours de l'année 1696. Référence George E. Drummond, «Review of the Pig Iron Trade of 1896», Journal of The Federated Canadian Mining Institute (1897) : 47-49. |
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22 | No d'identification : 24241 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "In Canada, uncertainty as to tariff matters, the somewhat natural outcome of the recent change in government, has served, in the case of some of the furnaces, to restrict the production of iron dunng 1896, but on the other hand, as predicted last year, the advent of the Hamilton furnace makes 1896, in the point of gross tonnage, one of the best years that Canada has ever seen". Référence George E. Drummond, «Review of the Pig Iron Trade of 1896», Journal of The Federated Canadian Mining Institute (1897) : 47. |
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23 | No d'identification : 24243 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Résumé) Selon Drummond, l'implantation des industries du fer de l'Angleterre, de l'Allemagne et des États-Unis doit son succès à la politique des tarifs protecteurs. (Citation) "In the U.S., the year closes without significant disaster, with an output of iron close upon that of the previous gear, and with returning confidence, born of faith in the strong national fiscal policy foreshadowed by the newly elected president and his party". (p. 46) (Résumé) Les élections présidentielles ont toujours une grande influence sur le marché du fer aux E.U, (Citation) "In 1896, the almost revolutionary programme adopted by the Chicago convention in the early summer, and upon which the presidental contest was waged, wellnigh paralyzed the financial energies of the nation, and it is therefore ail the more remarkable that the natural strenght of the American Iron industry was so great" [...] during that year. Référence George E. Drummond, «Review of the Pig Iron Trade of 1896», Journal of The Federated Canadian Mining Institute (1897) : 46 et 49. |
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24 | No d'identification : 24245 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "While the figures for 1898 do not show a very large increase over those of 1897 (this being largely accounted for by the liquidation of the Londonderry Co's affairs) yet the furnaces in blast show a healthy strong business growth, and the projected furnaces (ail in strong hands) now coming into the field, is good evidence of the fact that we are on the eve of a very considerable expansion of the native iron industry. A great factor in bringing this about is the settled condition with regard to the governmental policy of encouragement. If that policy is steadily maintained for a few years to corne, Canada will have an industry that she may well be proud of, and that will strengthen and build up every other kindred industry in the Dominion, an industry that will be useful too in an Impérial sense, making for the independence of the Empire in so important commodity as iron". Référence George E. Drummond, «The Iron Industry in 1898», The Journal of Canadian Mining Institute (1899) : 61. |
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25 | No d'identification : 24251 | Fonds : Sidérurgie |
Information documentaire (Citation) "A new charcoal furnace is projected for Midland, Ont., by the Canada Iron Furnace Co, Limited, of Montreal and Radnor Forges, this being a branch of their business at the latter point, but the intention being to manufacture at Midland an iron similar in quality to Lake Supenor charcoal, and which is required for mixture with the special charcoal metal, now made at Radnor from the bog and lake iron ores of the district of Three Rivers". Référence George E. Drummond, «The Iron Industry in 1898», The Journal of Canadian Mining Institute (1899) : 59. |